Richard Dunne

Date of birth21 September 1979
Place of birthDublin
NationalityIrish
Weight89 kg
Height1.85 m
PositionDefender

Richard Dunne returned to the Premier League in August 2002 having been a stalwart member of the Manchester City side that stormed to the 2001-02 Football League Championship.

That was his only campaign outside of England's top flight after signing professional forms for Everton in 1996.

A giant centre-half, he was previously associated with Home Farm.

After 72 appearances for the Goodison Park club, he rejoined his former boss Joe Royle at Manchester City in a £3million deal in October 2000.

Richard made his huge presence felt in the Republic's 2002 World Cup qualifying campaign and came up with the important opening goal in the win in Estonia.

More notably, although not blessed with blistering pace, he tempered the threat of the Dutch and Portuguese attacks.

Richard's contract at Manchester City was extended to June 2007 in April 2005 then to June 2009 in May 2006 and to June 2012 in July 2008.

He joined Aston Villa in September 2009 with a four-year contract.

Richard joined Queens Park Rangers in July 2013 with a one-year contract that was extended to June 2015 in April 2014.

Club history

Team Joined Left Loan / Trialist
Everton 08 Oct 1996 20 Oct 2000
Manchester City 20 Oct 2000 01 Sep 2009
Aston Villa 01 Sep 2009 30 Jun 2013
Queens Park Rangers 15 Jul 2013 30 Jun 2015

Club stats

Season Team Competition Apps Subs Goals Y R
1996-97 Everton FA Cup 1
1996-97 Everton Premier League 6
1
2
1997-98 Everton FA Cup 1
1997-98 Everton Premier League 2
1
1998-99 Everton FA Cup 2
1998-99 Everton League Cup 2
1
1998-99 Everton Premier League 15
1
6
1
1999-00 Everton FA Cup 4
1999-00 Everton League Cup 1
1999-00 Everton Premier League 27
4
4
2
2000-01 Everton League Cup 1
2000-01 Everton Premier League 3
1
2000-01 Manchester City FA Cup 3
2000-01 Manchester City Premier League 24
1
3
2001-02 Manchester City FA Cup 3
1
1
2001-02 Manchester City League Cup 3
2
2001-02 Manchester City League Division 1 41
2
1
5
2002-03 Manchester City League Cup 1
2002-03 Manchester City Premier League 24
1
5
2003-04 Manchester City FA Cup 5
2003-04 Manchester City League Cup 2
2003-04 Manchester City Premier League 28
1
5
2003-04 Manchester City UEFA Cup 3
1
1
2004-05 Manchester City FA Cup 1
2004-05 Manchester City Premier League 35
2
5
1
2005-06 Manchester City FA Cup 5
1
2005-06 Manchester City League Cup 1
2005-06 Manchester City Premier League 31
1
3
9
2006-07 Manchester City FA Cup 5
1
2006-07 Manchester City League Cup 1
1
2006-07 Manchester City Premier League 38
1
4
2007-08 Manchester City FA Cup 3
2007-08 Manchester City League Cup 3
1
2007-08 Manchester City Premier League 36
2
2
2008-09 Manchester City FA Cup 1
1
2008-09 Manchester City League Cup 1
2008-09 Manchester City Premier League 31
1
4
2
2008-09 Manchester City UEFA Cup 14
1
2009-10 Aston Villa FA Cup 4
1
2009-10 Aston Villa League Cup 5
2009-10 Aston Villa Premier League 35
3
7
2009-10 Manchester City Premier League 2
2010-11 Aston Villa FA Cup 2
2010-11 Aston Villa League Cup 1
2010-11 Aston Villa Premier League 32
4
2011-12 Aston Villa FA Cup 2
1
1
2011-12 Aston Villa League Cup 2
2011-12 Aston Villa Premier League 28
1
7
2013-14 Queens Park Rangers League Championship 41
1
6
1
2013-14 Queens Park Rangers League Championship Play-Offs 3
1
2013-14 Queens Park Rangers League Cup 1
2014-15 Queens Park Rangers League Cup 1
1
2014-15 Queens Park Rangers Premier League 22
1
7


Please note: Career stats are based on performances in the Premier and Football Leagues and (in most cases all) internationals.

Club matches

Date Match Result Competition Round
13 Sep 2009 Birmingham City v Aston Villa W 0-1 Premier League
19 Sep 2009 Aston Villa v Portsmouth W 2-0 Premier League
26 Sep 2009 Blackburn Rovers v Aston Villa L 2-1 Premier League
05 Oct 2009 Aston Villa v Manchester City D 1-1 Premier League
17 Oct 2009 Aston Villa v Chelsea W 2-1 Premier League
24 Oct 2009 Wolverhampton Wanderers v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
27 Oct 2009 Sunderland v Aston Villa W 0-0 (3-1) League Cup 4th round
31 Oct 2009 Everton v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
04 Nov 2009 West Ham United v Aston Villa L 2-1 Premier League
07 Nov 2009 Aston Villa v Bolton Wanderers W 5-1 Premier League
21 Nov 2009 Burnley v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
28 Nov 2009 Aston Villa v Tottenham Hotspur D 1-1 Premier League
01 Dec 2009 Portsmouth v Aston Villa W 2-4 League Cup 5th round
05 Dec 2009 Aston Villa v Hull City W 3-0 Premier League
12 Dec 2009 Manchester United v Aston Villa W 0-1 Premier League
15 Dec 2009 Sunderland v Aston Villa W 0-2 Premier League
19 Dec 2009 Aston Villa v Stoke City W 1-0 Premier League
27 Dec 2009 Arsenal v Aston Villa L 3-0 Premier League
29 Dec 2009 Aston Villa v Liverpool L 0-1 Premier League
14 Jan 2010 Blackburn Rovers v Aston Villa W 0-1 League Cup Semi-final 1st leg
17 Jan 2010 Aston Villa v West Ham United D 0-0 Premier League
20 Jan 2010 Aston Villa v Blackburn Rovers W 6-4
Agg: 7-4
League Cup Semi-final 2nd leg
27 Jan 2010 Aston Villa v Arsenal D 0-0 Premier League
30 Jan 2010 Fulham v Aston Villa W 0-2 Premier League
06 Feb 2010 Tottenham Hotspur v Aston Villa D 0-0 Premier League
10 Feb 2010 Aston Villa v Manchester United D 1-1 Premier League
14 Feb 2010 Crystal Palace v Aston Villa D 2-2 FA Cup 5th round
21 Feb 2010 Aston Villa v Burnley W 5-2 Premier League
24 Feb 2010 Aston Villa v Crystal Palace W 3-1 FA Cup 5th round replay
28 Feb 2010 Aston Villa v Manchester United L 1-2 League Cup Final
07 Mar 2010 Reading v Aston Villa W 2-4 FA Cup 6th round
13 Mar 2010 Stoke City v Aston Villa D 0-0 Premier League
16 Mar 2010 Wigan Athletic v Aston Villa W 1-2 Premier League
20 Mar 2010 Aston Villa v Wolverhampton Wanderers D 2-2 Premier League
24 Mar 2010 Aston Villa v Sunderland D 1-1 Premier League
27 Mar 2010 Chelsea v Aston Villa L 7-1 Premier League
03 Apr 2010 Bolton Wanderers v Aston Villa W 0-1 Premier League
10 Apr 2010 Aston Villa v Chelsea L 0-3 FA Cup Semi-final
14 Apr 2010 Aston Villa v Everton D 2-2 Premier League
18 Apr 2010 Portsmouth v Aston Villa W 1-2 Premier League
21 Apr 2010 Hull City v Aston Villa W 0-2 Premier League
25 Apr 2010 Aston Villa v Birmingham City W 1-0 Premier League
01 May 2010 Manchester City v Aston Villa L 3-1 Premier League
09 May 2010 Aston Villa v Blackburn Rovers L 0-1 Premier League
14 Aug 2010 Aston Villa v West Ham United W 3-0 Premier League
22 Aug 2010 Newcastle United v Aston Villa L 6-0 Premier League
29 Aug 2010 Aston Villa v Everton W 1-0 Premier League
13 Sep 2010 Stoke City v Aston Villa L 2-1 Premier League
18 Sep 2010 Aston Villa v Bolton Wanderers D 1-1 Premier League
02 Oct 2010 Tottenham Hotspur v Aston Villa L 2-1 Premier League
16 Oct 2010 Aston Villa v Chelsea D 0-0 Premier League
23 Oct 2010 Sunderland v Aston Villa L 1-0 Premier League
31 Oct 2010 Aston Villa v Birmingham City D 0-0 Premier League
06 Nov 2010 Fulham v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
10 Nov 2010 Aston Villa v Blackpool W 3-2 Premier League
13 Nov 2010 Aston Villa v Manchester United D 2-2 Premier League
21 Nov 2010 Blackburn Rovers v Aston Villa L 2-0 Premier League
27 Nov 2010 Aston Villa v Arsenal L 2-4 Premier League
01 Dec 2010 Birmingham City v Aston Villa L 2-1 League Cup 5th round
06 Dec 2010 Liverpool v Aston Villa L 3-0 Premier League
02 Jan 2011 Chelsea v Aston Villa D 3-3 Premier League
05 Jan 2011 Aston Villa v Sunderland L 0-1 Premier League
08 Jan 2011 Sheffield United v Aston Villa W 1-3 FA Cup 3rd round
16 Jan 2011 Birmingham City v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
22 Jan 2011 Aston Villa v Manchester City W 1-0 Premier League
25 Jan 2011 Wigan Athletic v Aston Villa W 1-2 Premier League
01 Feb 2011 Manchester United v Aston Villa L 3-1 Premier League
05 Feb 2011 Aston Villa v Fulham D 2-2 Premier League
12 Feb 2011 Blackpool v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
26 Feb 2011 Aston Villa v Blackburn Rovers W 4-1 Premier League
02 Mar 2011 Manchester City v Aston Villa L 3-0 FA Cup 5th round
02 Apr 2011 Everton v Aston Villa D 2-2 Premier League
10 Apr 2011 Aston Villa v Newcastle United W 1-0 Premier League
16 Apr 2011 West Ham United v Aston Villa W 1-2 Premier League
23 Apr 2011 Aston Villa v Stoke City D 1-1 Premier League
30 Apr 2011 West Bromwich Albion v Aston Villa L 2-1 Premier League
07 May 2011 Aston Villa v Wigan Athletic D 1-1 Premier League
15 May 2011 Arsenal v Aston Villa W 1-2 Premier League
22 May 2011 Aston Villa v Liverpool W 1-0 Premier League
13 Aug 2011 Fulham v Aston Villa D 0-0 Premier League
20 Aug 2011 Aston Villa v Blackburn Rovers W 3-1 Premier League
23 Aug 2011 Aston Villa v Hereford United W 2-0 League Cup 2nd round
27 Aug 2011 Aston Villa v Wolverhampton Wanderers D 0-0 Premier League
10 Sep 2011 Everton v Aston Villa D 2-2 Premier League
17 Sep 2011 Aston Villa v Newcastle United D 1-1 Premier League
20 Sep 2011 Aston Villa v Bolton Wanderers L 0-2 League Cup 3rd round
25 Sep 2011 Queens Park Rangers v Aston Villa D 1-1 Premier League
01 Oct 2011 Aston Villa v Wigan Athletic W 2-0 Premier League
15 Oct 2011 Manchester City v Aston Villa L 4-1 Premier League
22 Oct 2011 Aston Villa v West Bromwich Albion L 1-2 Premier League
29 Oct 2011 Sunderland v Aston Villa D 2-2 Premier League
05 Nov 2011 Aston Villa v Norwich City W 3-2 Premier League
21 Nov 2011 Tottenham Hotspur v Aston Villa L 2-0 Premier League
27 Nov 2011 Swansea City v Aston Villa D 0-0 Premier League
03 Dec 2011 Aston Villa v Manchester United L 0-1 Premier League
10 Dec 2011 Bolton Wanderers v Aston Villa W 1-2 Premier League
18 Dec 2011 Aston Villa v Liverpool L 0-2 Premier League
21 Dec 2011 Aston Villa v Arsenal L 1-2 Premier League
26 Dec 2011 Stoke City v Aston Villa D 0-0 Premier League
31 Dec 2011 Chelsea v Aston Villa W 1-3 Premier League
02 Jan 2012 Aston Villa v Swansea City L 0-2 Premier League
07 Jan 2012 Bristol Rovers v Aston Villa W 1-3 FA Cup 3rd round
14 Jan 2012 Aston Villa v Everton D 1-1 Premier League
21 Jan 2012 Wolverhampton Wanderers v Aston Villa W 2-3 Premier League
29 Jan 2012 Arsenal v Aston Villa L 3-2 FA Cup 4th round
01 Feb 2012 Aston Villa v Queens Park Rangers D 2-2 Premier League
05 Feb 2012 Newcastle United v Aston Villa L 2-1 Premier League
12 Feb 2012 Aston Villa v Manchester City L 0-1 Premier League
28 Apr 2012 West Bromwich Albion v Aston Villa D 0-0 Premier League
06 May 2012 Aston Villa v Tottenham Hotspur D 1-1 Premier League
13 May 2012 Norwich City v Aston Villa L 2-0 Premier League


Please note: Match history is complete for the Premier and Football Leagues and (in most cases all) internationals.

International stats

Season Team Competition Apps Subs Goals Y R
1996-97 Republic of Ireland UEFA Under-18 2
1997-98 Republic of Ireland B International 2
1997-98 Republic of Ireland UEFA Under-18 7
1
3
1998-99 Republic of Ireland UEFA Under-18 4
1998-99 Republic of Ireland UEFA Under-21 1
1999-00 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 1
1
1999-00 Republic of Ireland UEFA Under-21 2
1
1999-00 Republic of Ireland Under-21 1
1
1999-00 Republic of Ireland US Nike Cup 1
1
2000-01 Republic of Ireland FIFA World Cup 6
2
2000-01 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 1
2001-02 Republic of Ireland FIFA World Cup 1
2001-02 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 1
2
2002-03 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 2
1
2003-04 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 1
2
1
2004-05 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 2
1
2005-06 Republic of Ireland FIFA World Cup 3
1
2005-06 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 3
2006-07 Republic of Ireland UEFA European Championship 6
1
2
1
2007-08 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 4
2007-08 Republic of Ireland UEFA European Championship 3
1
2008-09 Republic of Ireland FIFA World Cup 7
2
2008-09 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 3
2009-10 Republic of Ireland FIFA World Cup 5
2009-10 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 1
2010-11 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 1
2010-11 Republic of Ireland Nations Cup 1
2010-11 Republic of Ireland UEFA European Championship 5
2
2011-12 Republic of Ireland International Friendly 3
2011-12 Republic of Ireland UEFA European Championship 8
1
2
2012-13 Republic of Ireland International Friendly
1
2013-14 Republic of Ireland FIFA World Cup 3
2


Please note: Career stats are based on performances in the Premier and Football Leagues and (in most cases all) internationals.

International matches

Date Match Result Competition Round
26 Oct 1996 Republic of Ireland v Poland D 1-1 UEFA U18 Group 4
07 May 1997 Norway v Republic of Ireland W 1-2 UEFA U18 2nd round group 2
24 Jul 1997 France v Republic of Ireland L 3-2 UEFA U18 Group B
26 Jul 1997 Republic of Ireland v Switzerland W 1-0 UEFA U18 Final group B
28 Jul 1997 Republic of Ireland v Israel D 1-1 UEFA U18 Final group B
31 Jul 1997 Spain v Republic of Ireland L 2-1 UEFA U18 3rd place
22 Oct 1997 Azerbaijan v Republic of Ireland W 2-4 UEFA U18 Group 4
24 Oct 1997 Moldova v Republic of Ireland W 0-1 UEFA U18 Group 4
11 Feb 1998 Republic of Ireland v Northern Ireland L 0-1 B INTER
11 Mar 1998 Republic of Ireland v Northern Ireland L 0-1 B INTER
25 Mar 1998 Greece v Republic of Ireland W 0-1 UEFA U18 2nd round group 2
14 May 1998 Republic of Ireland v Greece W 2-0 UEFA U18 2nd round group 2
19 Jul 1998 Croatia v Republic of Ireland W 2-5 UEFA U18 Final group B
21 Jul 1998 Republic of Ireland v England L 0-1 UEFA U18 Final group B
23 Jul 1998 Cyprus v Republic of Ireland L 3-0 UEFA U18 Final group B
26 Jul 1998 Germany v Republic of Ireland W 1-1 (4-3) UEFA U18 Final
17 Nov 1998 Yugoslavia v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 UEFA U21 Group 8
31 Aug 1999 Republic of Ireland v Yugoslavia L 0-2 UEFA U21 Group 8
03 Sep 1999 Croatia v Republic of Ireland L 5-1 UEFA U21 Group 8
22 Feb 2000 Republic of Ireland v Czech Republic L 1-2 U21
26 Apr 2000 Republic of Ireland v Greece L 0-1 International Friendly
30 May 2000 Republic of Ireland v Scotland L 1-2 International Friendly
04 Jun 2000 Republic of Ireland v Mexico D 2-2 US NIKE CUP
02 Sep 2000 Netherlands v Republic of Ireland D 2-2 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
07 Oct 2000 Portugal v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
11 Oct 2000 Republic of Ireland v Estonia W 2-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
15 Nov 2000 Republic of Ireland v Finland W 3-0 International Friendly
25 Apr 2001 Republic of Ireland v Andorra W 3-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
02 Jun 2001 Republic of Ireland v Portugal D 1-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
06 Jun 2001 Estonia v Republic of Ireland W 0-2 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
15 Aug 2001 Republic of Ireland v Croatia D 2-2 International Friendly
01 Sep 2001 Republic of Ireland v Netherlands W 1-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group 2
13 Feb 2002 Republic of Ireland v Russia W 2-0 International Friendly
27 Mar 2002 Republic of Ireland v Denmark W 3-0 International Friendly
20 Nov 2002 Greece v Republic of Ireland D 0-0 International Friendly
12 Feb 2003 Scotland v Republic of Ireland W 0-2 International Friendly
30 Apr 2003 Republic of Ireland v Norway W 1-0 International Friendly
19 Aug 2003 Republic of Ireland v Australia W 2-1 International Friendly
09 Sep 2003 Republic of Ireland v Turkey D 2-2 International Friendly
18 Nov 2003 Republic of Ireland v Canada W 3-0 International Friendly
16 Nov 2004 Republic of Ireland v Croatia W 1-0 International Friendly
09 Feb 2005 Republic of Ireland v Portugal W 1-0 International Friendly
29 Mar 2005 Republic of Ireland v China PR W 1-0 International Friendly
17 Aug 2005 Republic of Ireland v Italy L 1-2 International Friendly
07 Sep 2005 Republic of Ireland v France L 0-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 4
08 Oct 2005 Cyprus v Republic of Ireland W 0-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 4
12 Oct 2005 Republic of Ireland v Switzerland D 0-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group 4
01 Mar 2006 Republic of Ireland v Sweden W 3-0 International Friendly
24 May 2006 Republic of Ireland v Chile L 0-1 International Friendly
02 Sep 2006 Germany v Republic of Ireland L 1-0 UEFA European Championship Group D
07 Oct 2006 Cyprus v Republic of Ireland L 5-2 UEFA European Championship Group D
15 Nov 2006 Republic of Ireland v San Marino W 5-0 UEFA European Championship Group D
07 Feb 2007 San Marino v Republic of Ireland W 1-2 UEFA European Championship Group D
24 Mar 2007 Republic of Ireland v Wales W 1-0 UEFA European Championship Group D
28 Mar 2007 Republic of Ireland v Slovakia W 1-0 UEFA European Championship Group D
22 Aug 2007 Denmark v Republic of Ireland W 0-4 International Friendly
08 Sep 2007 Slovakia v Republic of Ireland D 2-2 UEFA European Championship Group D
12 Sep 2007 Czech Republic v Republic of Ireland L 1-0 UEFA European Championship Group D
13 Oct 2007 Republic of Ireland v Germany D 0-0 UEFA European Championship Group D
06 Feb 2008 Republic of Ireland v Brazil L 0-1 International Friendly
24 May 2008 Republic of Ireland v Serbia D 1-1 International Friendly
29 May 2008 Republic of Ireland v Colombia W 1-0 International Friendly
20 Aug 2008 Norway v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 International Friendly
06 Sep 2008 Georgia v Republic of Ireland W 1-2 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
10 Sep 2008 Montenegro v Republic of Ireland D 0-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
15 Oct 2008 Republic of Ireland v Cyprus W 1-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
19 Nov 2008 Republic of Ireland v Poland L 2-3 International Friendly
11 Feb 2009 Republic of Ireland v Georgia W 2-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
28 Mar 2009 Republic of Ireland v Bulgaria D 1-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
01 Apr 2009 Italy v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
29 May 2009 Republic of Ireland v Nigeria D 1-1 International Friendly
06 Jun 2009 Bulgaria v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
12 Aug 2009 Republic of Ireland v Australia L 0-3 International Friendly
05 Sep 2009 Cyprus v Republic of Ireland W 1-2 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
10 Oct 2009 Republic of Ireland v Italy D 2-2 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
14 Oct 2009 Republic of Ireland v Montenegro D 0-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group 8
14 Nov 2009 Republic of Ireland v France L 0-1 FIFA World Cup Europe play-off
18 Nov 2009 France v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 FIFA World Cup Europe play-off
11 Aug 2010 Republic of Ireland v Argentina L 0-1 International Friendly
03 Sep 2010 Armenia v Republic of Ireland W 0-1 UEFA European Championship Group B
07 Sep 2010 Republic of Ireland v Andorra W 3-1 UEFA European Championship Group B
08 Oct 2010 Republic of Ireland v Russia L 2-3 UEFA European Championship Group B
12 Oct 2010 Slovakia v Republic of Ireland D 1-1 UEFA European Championship Group B
08 Feb 2011 Republic of Ireland v Wales W 3-0 Nations Cup
26 Mar 2011 Republic of Ireland v North Macedonia W 2-1 UEFA European Championship Group B
10 Aug 2011 Republic of Ireland v Croatia D 0-0 International Friendly
02 Sep 2011 Republic of Ireland v Slovakia D 0-0 UEFA European Championship Group B
06 Sep 2011 Russia v Republic of Ireland D 0-0 UEFA European Championship Group B
11 Oct 2011 Republic of Ireland v Armenia W 2-1 UEFA European Championship Group B
11 Nov 2011 Estonia v Republic of Ireland W 0-4 UEFA European Championship Play-off 1st leg
15 Nov 2011 Republic of Ireland v Estonia D 1-1 UEFA European Championship Play-off 2nd leg
26 May 2012 Republic of Ireland v Bosnia and Herzegovina W 1-0 International Friendly
04 Jun 2012 Hungary v Republic of Ireland D 0-0 International Friendly
10 Jun 2012 Republic of Ireland v Croatia L 1-3 UEFA European Championship Finals Group C
14 Jun 2012 Spain v Republic of Ireland L 4-0 UEFA European Championship Finals Group C
18 Jun 2012 Italy v Republic of Ireland L 2-0 UEFA European Championship Finals Group C
02 Jun 2013 Republic of Ireland v Georgia W 4-0 International Friendly
06 Sep 2013 Republic of Ireland v Sweden L 1-2 FIFA World Cup Europe group C
10 Sep 2013 Austria v Republic of Ireland L 1-0 FIFA World Cup Europe group C
15 Oct 2013 Republic of Ireland v Kazakhstan W 3-1 FIFA World Cup Europe group C


Please note: Match history is complete for the Premier and Football Leagues and (in most cases all) internationals.